What is the primary concern regarding the use of chlorine in wastewater treatment?

The primary concern regarding the use of chlorine in wastewater treatment is the formation of harmful byproducts. When chlorine is added to wastewater, it can react with organic matter and other substances present in the water to create disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. These compounds can pose health risks to humans and the environment, leading to potential regulatory concerns.

Moreover, some of these byproducts are known to be carcinogenic or toxic, prompting wastewater treatment facilities to carefully monitor and manage chlorine use. The focus on minimizing the formation of these byproducts is crucial for ensuring public safety and compliance with environmental regulations.

While considerations about cost-effectiveness, operational complexity, and efficiency in disinfection are important in the broader scope of wastewater treatment, they are secondary to the critical health and environmental implications posed by the harmful byproducts generated during chlorination.