Tennessee Wastewater Operator Practice Exam

What is the term for the substance secreted by bacteria that assists in the formation of biofilm on supporting media?

1. Exopolymer

2. Biofilm matrix

3. Nutrient compound

4. Floc formation

The correct answer is: Exopolymer

The term "exopolymer" refers to the substances secreted by bacteria that play a crucial role in the formation of biofilms on various surfaces, such as supporting media in wastewater treatment systems. These exopolymers are part of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that create a matrix around bacterial cells, allowing them to adhere to each other and to surfaces. This matrix enhances the structural integrity of the biofilm and provides protection to the microorganisms within it, facilitating nutrient retention and improving the overall stability of the biofilm. In the context of wastewater treatment, understanding exopolymer production is essential because it influences the efficiency of biological processes, such as nutrient removal and degradation of organic matter. The ability of bacteria to form a robust biofilm through the secretion of exopolymers is a key factor in the treatment efficiency of biofilm reactors or activated sludge systems.